在改章节中,我们主要介绍数据库连接的内容,自我感觉有个不错的议建和大家分享下
播布客海明师老第一媾和第二讲记笔
rman 10g备份与恢复
海明诚实第一讲 一、recovery management（恢复管理器）rman可以连接据数库的类型
1、target database sysdba限权才能target database，如果没有连接失败。 2、recovery catalog database 可选的，可以用catalog或者nocatalog，应用rman备份时候发生的信息，存到catalog，当然如果没有catalog就放到controlfile面里 3、auxiliary database（帮助据数库） 连接出产据数库时候可以连接帮助据数库，可以将出产据数库copy到帮助据数库rman可以连接以上三个据数库，这三种据数库可以在一台oracle server面上；也可以在不同的oracle server面上，oracle议建将catalog
目录据数库和出产据数库不要放到一个oracle server面上。还有帮助据数也放到独自的oracle server上。这样可以通过rman把出产据数库copy 到帮助据数库面上，这样更安全。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 二、rman备份方法 （归档式模） 非catalog方法 全备份 0级增量 1级增量 。 。 找一下rman文件 [root@redhat wolf]# find / -name rman /oracle/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/rman /oracle/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/oc4j_applications/applications/em/em/WEB-INF/perl/db/rman /oracle/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/oc4j/j2ee/oc4j_applications/applications/em/em/database/rman /oracle/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/sysman/admin/scripts/db/rman[root@redhat wolf]# su - oracle
[oracle@redhat ~]$ echo @PATH @PATH [oracle@redhat ~]$ echo $PATH （这面里出来的bin定一先是oracle的bin，不然rman会为认linux子的rman）/oracle/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/home/oracle/bin[root@redhat wolf]# vi ./.bash_profile
export PATH export TMP=/tmp export TMPDIR=$TMP export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/ora10g export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/10.2.0/db_1 export ORACLE_SID=wolf export ORACLE_TERM=xterm export PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH （行执序顺，不然有可能行执linux上的rman） export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib64:/usr/lib64:/usr/local/lib64:/usr/x11R6/lib64 export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.6.18 export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.UTF8" umask 022 if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536 fi fi "./.bash_profile" 31L, 787C ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 三、备份（多练） [oracle@redhat ~]$ rman nocatalog Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 星期六 4月 20 02:42:15 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. RMAN> conn target / RMAN> connect target / connected to target database: WOLF (DBID=3778783462) using target database control file instead of recovery catalog RMAN>list backupset； RMAN>backup database；（全备份） RMAN> backup database; （仔细观测发生了两个备份集，一个是据数库文件，一个是控制文件和参数文件，分别在不同的目录）Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13 piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130420T025250_8q4gt34k_.bkp tag=TAG20130420T025250 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:56 Finished backup at 20-4月 -13Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813207467_8q4h3cvp_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13[oracle@redhat WOLF]$ ls
archivelog autobackup backupset onlinelog [oracle@redhat WOLF]$ cd autobackup [oracle@redhat autobackup]$ ls 2013_04_17 2013_04_19 2013_04_20 [oracle@redhat autobackup]$ cd 2013_04_20/ [oracle@redhat 2013_04_20]$ ls o1_mf_s_813207467_8q4h3cvp_.bkp [oracle@redhat 2013_04_20]$ cd .. [oracle@redhat autobackup]$ ls 2013_04_17 2013_04_19 2013_04_20 [oracle@redhat autobackup]$ cd .. [oracle@redhat WOLF]$ ls archivelog autobackup backupset onlinelog [oracle@redhat WOLF]$ cd backupset/ [oracle@redhat backupset]$ ls 2013_04_17 2013_04_19 2013_04_20 [oracle@redhat backupset]$ cd 2013_04_20/ [oracle@redhat 2013_04_20]$ ls o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130420T025250_8q4gt34k_.bkp [oracle@redhat 2013_04_20]$ 这里备份的文件可以copy到硬盘然后删除，当需要恢复的时候在copy到这个目录，然今后进行恢复
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oracle 10grman备份与恢复 海明师老第二讲备份内容格式是由rman内部默认格式决定的。nocatalog方法备份信息写入control
可以到control目录进入controlfile查看 [oracle@redhat wolf]$ pwd /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf [oracle@redhat wolf]$ strings control01.ctl 。。。。 delete 2013-04-19T10:39:43 delete 2013-04-19T10:39:43 list 2013-04-19T10:39:43 delete 2013-04-20T02:42:15 RMAN 2013-04-20T02:42:15 list 2013-04-20T02:42:15 delete 2013-04-20T02:42:15 list 2013-04-19T10:39:43 list 。。。。 当然所显示的信息就是一些备份的时间内容等。 RMAN> show all; RMAN configuration parameters are: CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/oracle/ora10g/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_wolf.f'; # defaultRMAN> list backupset;
List of Backup Sets ===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 18 Full 529.59M DISK 00:04:53 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 18 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T025250 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130420T025250_8q4gt34k_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 18 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ---- 1 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf 2 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf 3 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf 4 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf 5 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 19 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:01 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T025747 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813207467_8q4h3cvp_.bkp Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 476395 Ckp time: 20-4月 -13 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-4月 -13backup set（备份集） backup piece （备份片）
0级备份和全备份几乎一样，唯一的区别是全备份不能作为一级备份的基础。 参考： 增量备份0级与全备份都是全备份,但是增量备份0级应用rman备份的话就只备份了used block,而全备份备份了used and unused block 总结一下,二者有两个地方不同 1、全备份不能被用作1级增量备份的基础 2、应用rman备份的时候,全备份备份了used and unused block,0级应用rman备份的话就只备份了used block（网上资料说明0级备份和全备的区别）
0级增量： backup incremental level=0 database； RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database； Starting backup at 20-4月 -13 allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=155 devtype=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13 piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20130420T032742_8q4jvgyw_.bkp tag=TAG20130420T032742 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:05:36 Finished backup at 20-4月 -13 每日一道理 漫漫人生路，谁都难免会遭遇各种失意或厄运。在凄风苦雨 惨雾愁云的考验面前，一个强者，是不会向命运低头的。风再冷，不会永远不息；雾再浓，不会经久不散。风息雾散，仍是阳光灿烂。
Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813209598_8q4k5yqq_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13RMAN> list backup;
List of Backup Sets
=================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time ------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 18 Full 529.59M DISK 00:04:53 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 18 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T025250 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130420T025250_8q4gt34k_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 18 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ---- 1 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf 2 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf 3 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf 4 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf 5 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 19 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:01 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T025747 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813207467_8q4h3cvp_.bkp Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 476395 Ckp time: 20-4月 -13 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-4月 -13BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 20 Incr 0 529.64M DISK 00:05:25 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T032742 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20130420T032742_8q4jvgyw_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 20 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ---- 1 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf 2 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf 3 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf 4 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf 5 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 21 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:00 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T033318 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813209598_8q4k5yqq_.bkp Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 477636 Ckp time: 20-4月 -13 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-4月 -13RMAN>
一级增量备份（controlfile和spfile都是全备份，没有增量仔细观测）
backup incremental level 1 database 速度也是很慢，因为面里要和0级对比一些信息 RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database 2> ;Starting backup at 20-4月 -13
using channel ORA_DISK_1 channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backupset channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset input datafile fno=00001 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf input datafile fno=00003 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf input datafile fno=00002 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf input datafile fno=00005 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbf input datafile fno=00004 name=/oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 20-4月 -13 channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 20-4月 -13 piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20130420T034525_8q4kwod7_.bkp tag=TAG20130420T034525 comment=NONE channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:04:56 Finished backup at 20-4月 -13Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13
piece handle=/oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813210622_8q4l5yy1_.bkp comment=NONE Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 20-4月 -13RMAN> list backupset;
List of Backup Sets ===================
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 18 Full 529.59M DISK 00:04:53 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 18 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T025250 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130420T025250_8q4gt34k_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 18 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ---- 1 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf 2 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf 3 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf 4 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf 5 Full 476267 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 19 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:01 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T025747 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813207467_8q4h3cvp_.bkp Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 476395 Ckp time: 20-4月 -13 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-4月 -13BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 20 Incr 0 529.64M DISK 00:05:25 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T032742 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnnd0_TAG20130420T032742_8q4jvgyw_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 20 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ---- 1 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf 2 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf 3 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf 4 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf 5 0 Incr 477469 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 21 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:00 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T033318 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813209598_8q4k5yqq_.bkp Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 477636 Ckp time: 20-4月 -13 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-4月 -13BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 22 Incr 1 640.00K DISK 00:04:44 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T034525 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/backupset/2013_04_20/o1_mf_nnnd1_TAG20130420T034525_8q4kwod7_.bkp List of Datafiles in backup set 22 File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name ---- -- ---- ---------- ---------- ---- 1 1 Incr 478003 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/system01.dbf 2 1 Incr 478003 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/undotbs01.dbf 3 1 Incr 478003 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/sysaux01.dbf 4 1 Incr 478003 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/users01.dbf 5 1 Incr 478003 20-4月 -13 /oracle/ora10g/oradata/wolf/rmanwolf.dbfBS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ --------------- 23 Full 6.80M DISK 00:00:01 20-4月 -13 BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130420T035022 Piece Name: /oracle/ora10g/flash_recovery_area/WOLF/autobackup/2013_04_20/o1_mf_s_813210622_8q4l5yy1_.bkp Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 478120 Ckp time: 20-4月 -13 SPFILE Included: Modification time: 20-4月 -13RMAN>
文章结束给大家分享下程序员的一些笑话语录： 雅虎最擅长的不是开通新业务，是关闭旧业务。